As in effect on April 1, 2008
1.1. "Absorption bed" means an absorption system consisting of a covered, gravel-filled bed into which septic tank effluent is discharged through specially designed distribution pipes for seepage into the soil.
1.2. "Absorption system" means a device constructed to receive and to distribute effluent in such a manner that the effluent is effectively filtered and retained below ground surface.
1.3. "Absorption trench" means standard trenches, shallow trenches with capping fill, and chambered trenches constructed to receive and to distribute effluent in such a manner that the effluent is effectively filtered and retained below ground surface.
1.4. "Alternative onsite wastewater system" means a system for treatment and disposal of domestic wastewater or wastes which consists of a building sewer, a septic tank or other sewage treatment or storage unit, and a disposal facility or method which is not a conventional system; but not including a surface discharge to the waters of the state.
1.5. "At-Grade" System means an alternative type of onsite wastewater system where the bottom of the absorption system is placed at or below the elevation of the existing site grade, and the top of the distribution pipe is above the elevation of existing site grade, and the absorption system is contained within a fill body that extends above that grade.
1.6. "Bedrock" means the rock, usually solid, that underlies soil or other unconsolidated, superficial material.
1.7. "Bedroom" means any portion of a dwelling which is so designed as to furnish the minimum isolation necessary for use as a sleeping area. It may include, but is not limited to, a den, study, sewing room, sleeping loft, or enclosed porch. Unfinished basements shall be counted as a minimum of one additional bedroom.
1.8. "Building sewer" means the pipe which carries wastewater from the building drain to a public sewer, an onsite wastewater system or other point of disposal. It is synonymous with "house sewer".
1.9. "Chambered trench" means a type of absorption system where the media consists of an open bottom, chamber structure of an approved material and design, which may be used as a substitute for the gravel media with a perforated distribution pipe.
1.10. "Condominium" means the ownership of a single unit in a multi-unit project together with an undivided interest in common, in the common areas and facilities of the property.
1.11. "Conventional system" means an onsite wastewater system which consists of a building sewer, a septic tank, and an absorption system consisting of a standard trench, a shallow trench with capping fill, a chambered trench, a deep wall trench, a seepage pit, or an absorption bed.
1.12. "Curtain drain" means any ground water interceptor or drainage system that is gravel backfilled and is intended to interrupt or divert the course of shallow ground water or surface water away from the onsite wastewater system.
1.13. "Deep wall trench" means an absorption system consisting of deep trenches filled with clean, coarse filter material, with a minimum sidewall absorption depth of 24 inches of suitable soil formation below the distribution pipe, into which septic tank effluent is discharged for seepage into the soil.
1.14. "Division" means the Utah Division of Water Quality.
1.15. "Disposal area" means the entire area used for the subsurface treatment and dispersion of septic tank effluent by an absorption system.
1.16. "Distribution box" means a watertight structure which receives septic tank effluent and distributes it concurrently, in essentially equal portions, into two or more distribution pipes leading to an absorption system.
1.17. "Distribution pipe" means approved perforated pipe used in the dispersion of septic tank effluent into an absorption system.
1.18. "Domestic wastewater" means a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes from residences, business buildings, institutions, and other establishments with installed plumbing facilities, together with those from industrial establishments, excluding non-domestic wastewater. It is synonymous with the term "sewage".
1.19. "Domestic septage" means the semi-liquid material that is pumped out of septic tanks receiving domestic wastewater. It consists of the sludge, the liquid, and the scum layer of the septic tank.
1.20. "Drainage system" means all the piping within public or private premises, which conveys sewage or other liquid wastes to a legal point of treatment and disposal, but does not include the mains of a public sewer system or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant.
1.21. "Drop box" means a watertight structure which receives septic tank effluent and distributes it into one or more distribution pipes, and into an overflow leading to another drop box and absorption system located at a lower elevation.
1.22. "Dry Wash" means the dry bed of an intermittent stream that flows only after heavy rains and is often found at the bottom of a canyon.
1.23. "Dwelling" means any structure, building, or any portion thereof which is used, intended, or designed to be occupied for human living purposes including, but not limited to, houses, mobile homes, hotels, motels, apartments, business, and industrial establishments.
1.24. "Earth fill" means an excavated or otherwise disturbed suitable soil which is imported and placed over the native soil. It is characterized by having no distinct horizons or color patterns, as found in naturally developed undisturbed soils.
1.25. "Effluent lift pump" means a pump used to lift septic tank effluent to a disposal area at a higher elevation than the septic tank.
1.26. "Ejector pump" means a device to elevate or pump untreated sewage to a septic tank, public sewer, or other means of disposal.
1.27. "Experimental onsite wastewater system" means an onsite wastewater treatment and disposal system which is still in experimental use and requires further testing in order to provide sufficient information to determine its acceptance.
1.28. "Final local health department approval" means, for the purposes of the grandfather provisions in R317-4-4 (Table 1, footnote a) and R317-4-3, the approval given by a local health department which would allow construction and installation of subdivision improvements. Note: Even though final local health department approval may have been given for a subdivision, individual lot approval would still be required for issuance of a building permit on each lot.
1.29. "Ground water" means that portion of subsurface water that is in the zone of soil saturation.
1.30. "Ground water table" means the surface of a body of unconfined ground water in which the pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere.
1.31. "Ground water table, perched" means unconfined ground water separated from an underlying body of ground water by an unsaturated zone. Its water table is a perched water table. It is underlain by a restrictive strata or impervious layer. Perched ground water may be either permanent, where recharge is frequent enough to maintain a saturated zone above the perching bed, or temporary, where intermittent recharge is not great or frequent enough to prevent the perched water from disappearing from time to time as a result of drainage over the edge of or through the perching bed.
1.32. "Gulch" is a small rocky ravine or a narrow gorge, especially one with a stream running through it.
1.33. "Gully" is a channel or small valley, especially one carved out by persistent heavy rainfall or one holding water for brief periods of time after a rain storm or snow melt.
1.34. "Impervious strata" means a layer which prevents water or root penetration. In addition, it shall be defined as having a percolation rate greater than 60 minutes per inch.
1.35. "Invert" is the lowest portion of the internal cross section of a pipe or fitting.
1.36. "Liquid waste operation" means any business activity or solicitation by which liquid wastes are collected, transported, stored, or disposed of by a collection vehicle. This shall include, but not be limited to, the cleaning out of septic tanks, sewage holding tanks, chemical toilets, and vault privies.
1.37. "Liquid waste pumper" means any person who conducts a liquid waste operation business.
1.38. "Local health department" means a city-county or multi-county local health department established under Title 26A.
1.39. "Lot" means a portion of a subdivision, or any other parcel of land intended as a unit for transfer of ownership or for development or both and shall not include any part of the right-of-way of a street or road.
1.40. "Malfunctioning or failing system" means an onsite wastewater system which is not functioning in compliance with the requirements of this regulation and includes, but is not limited to, the following:
A. Absorption systems which seep or flow to the surface of the ground or into waters of the state.
B. Systems which have overflow from any of their components.
C. Systems which, due to failure to operate in accordance with their designed operation, cause backflow into any portion of a building plumbing system.
D. Systems discharging effluent which does not comply with applicable effluent discharge standards.
E. Leaking septic tanks.
1.41. "Maximum ground water table" means the highest elevation that the top of the "ground water table" or "ground water table, perched" is expected to reach for any reason over the full operating life of the onsite wastewater system at that site.
1.42. "Mound System" means an alternative onsite wastewater system where the bottom of the absorption system is placed above the elevation of the existing site grade, and the absorption system is contained in a mounded fill body above that grade.
1.43. "Non-domestic wastewater" means process wastewater originating from the manufacture of specific products. Such wastewater is usually more concentrated, more variable in content and rate, and requires more extensive or different treatment than domestic wastewater.
1.44. "Non-public water source" means a culinary water source that is not defined as a public water source.
1.45. "Onsite Wastewater System" means an underground wastewater disposal system for domestic wastewater which is designed for a capacity of 5,000 gallons per day or less, and is not designed to serve multiple dwelling units which are owned by separate owners except condominiums. It usually consists of a building sewer, a septic tank and an absorption system.
1.46. "Percolation rate" means the time expressed in minutes per inch required for water to seep into saturated soil at a constant rate during a percolation test.
1.47. "Percolation test" means the method used to measure the percolation rate of water into soil as described in these rules.
1.48. "Permeability" means the rate at which a soil transmits water when saturated.
1.49. "Person" means an individual, trust, firm, estate, company, corporation, partnership, association, state, state or federal agency or entity, municipality, commission, or political subdivision of a state (Section 19-1-103).
1.50. "Pollution" means any man-made or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological, or radiological integrity of any waters of the state, unless the alteration is necessary for public health and safety (Section 19-5-102).
1.51. "Public health hazard" means, for the purpose of this rule, a condition whereby there are sufficient types and amounts of biological, chemical, or physical agents relating to water or sewage which are likely to cause human illness, disorders or disability. These include, but are not limited to, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, parasites, toxic chemicals and radioactive isotopes. A malfunctioning onsite wastewater system constitutes a public health hazard.
1.52. "Public water source" means a culinary water source, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for human consumption and other domestic uses, as defined in R309.
1.53. "Regulatory Authority" means either the Utah Division of Water Quality or the local health department having jurisdiction.
1.54. "Replacement area" means sufficient land with suitable soil, excluding streets, roads, and permanent structures, which complies with the setback requirements of these rules, and is intended for the 100 percent replacement of absorption systems.
1.55. "Restrictive layer" means a layer in the soil that because of its structure or low permeability does not allow water entering from above to pass through as rapidly as it accumulates. During some part of every year, a restrictive layer is likely to have temporarily perched ground water table accumulated above it.
1.56 "Rotary tilling" means a tillage operation - working land by plowing, harrowing and manuring in order to make land ready for cultivation - employing power driven rotary motion of the tillage tool to loosen, shatter and mix soil.
1.57. Scarification - loosening and breaking up of soil.
1.58. "Scum" means a mass of sewage solids floating on the surface of wastes in a septic tank which is buoyed up by entrained gas, grease, or other substances.
1.59. "Seepage pit" means an absorption system consisting of a covered pit into which septic tank effluent is discharged.
1.60. "Septic tank" means a watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a drainage system or part thereof, designed and constructed so as to retain solids, digest organic matter through a period of detention and allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through an absorption system meeting the requirements of these rules.
1.61. "Septic tank effluent" means partially treated sewage which is discharged from a septic tank.
1.62. "Sewage holding tank" means a watertight receptacle which receives water-carried wastes from the discharge of a drainage system and retains such wastes until removal and subsequent disposal at an approved site or treatment facility.
1.63. "Shall" means a mandatory requirement except when modified by action of the Department on the basis of justifying facts submitted as part of plans and specifications for a specific installation.
1.64. "Shallow trenches with capping fill" means an absorption trench which meets all of the requirements of standard trenches except for the elevation of the installed trench. The minimum depth of installation is 10 inches from the natural existing grade to the trench bottom. The gravel and soil fill required above the pipe are placed as a "cap" to the trenches, installed above the natural existing grade.
1.65. "Should" means recommended or preferred and is intended to mean a desirable standard.
1.66. "Single-family dwelling" means a building designed to be used as a home by the owner or lessee of such building, and shall be the only dwelling located on a lot with the usual accessory buildings.
1.67. "Sludge" means the accumulation of solids which have settled in a septic tank or a sewage holding tank.
1.68. "Soil exploration pit" means an open pit dug to permit examination of the soil to evaluate its suitability for absorption systems.
1.69. "Standard Trench" means an absorption system consisting of a series of covered, gravel-filled trenches into which septic tank effluent is discharged through specially designed distribution pipes for seepage into the soil.
1.70. "Waste" or "Pollutant" means dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, and industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste discharged into water (Section 19-5- 102).
1.71. "Wastewater" means sewage, industrial waste or other liquid substances which might cause pollution of waters of the state. Intercepted ground water which is uncontaminated by wastes is not included.
1.72. "Waters of the state" means all streams, lakes, ponds, marshes, watercourses, waterways, wells, springs, irrigation systems, drainage systems, and all other bodies or accumulations of water, surface and underground, natural or artificial, public or private, which are contained within, flow through, or border upon this state or any portion thereof, except those bodies of water confined to and retained within the limits of private property, and which do not develop into or constitute a nuisance, or a public health hazard, or a menace to fish and wildlife, are not "waters of the state" (Section 19-5-102).
2.1. Scope. This rule shall apply to onsite wastewater systems. Nothing contained in this rule shall be construed to prevent the permitting local health department from:
A. adopting stricter requirements than those contained herein;
B. issuing a renewable operating permit at a frequency not exceeding once every five years with an inspection showing a satisfactory performance of the permitted system by the department's staff before renewal;
C. taking necessary steps for ground water quality protection through adoption of a ground water quality protection management policy based on a ground water management study, or an onsite systems management planning policy and land use planning through the county's agency;
D. prohibiting any alternative system within the department's jurisdiction;
E. assessing fees for administration of alternative systems
F. requiring the conventional and alternative system in its jurisdiction, be placed under an umbrella of:
1. a responsible management entity overseen by the local health department; or,
2. a contract service provider overseen by the local health department; or
3. a management district, body politic, created by the county for the purpose of operation, maintenance, repairs and monitoring of alternative or all onsite systems.
2.2 The local health department having jurisdiction must obtain approval from the Utah Division of Water Quality to administer alternative systems program, as outlined in this section, before permitting alternative systems.
A. The local health department request for approval must include:
1. A description of its plan to properly manage these systems to protect public health. This plan must include:
a. A description of review, inspection and monitoring procedures of these systems;
b. Resolutions of the Local Board of Health and the County Commission supporting this request;
c. A description of the technical capability and training plans of the staff, and availability of resources to adequately manage the increased work load;
d. A statement from the county attorney of the county's legal authority to implement and enforce correction of malfunctioning systems and its commitment to exercise this authority; and,
e. A summary of a ground water quality protection management policy based on a ground water management study, or polices for both onsite systems management and land use planning determined by the county's agency, including steps taken or planned to be taken for implementation of the policy.
2. An agreement to:
a. advise the owner of the system of the type of system, and information concerning risk of failure, level of maintenance required, financial liability for repair, modification or replacement of a failed system and periodic monitoring requirements;
b. ensure the existence of the alternative system is recorded on the deed of ownership for that property;
c. provide oversight of installed systems;
d. inspect all installed systems at frequency specified in this rule, through:
i. the department's staff, or,
ii. a contracted service provider, or,
iii. a responsible management entity, or,
iv. a management district body politic created by the county for the purpose of managing onsite systems:
v. maintenance of records of all installed systems, failures, modifications, repairs and all inspections recording the condition of the system at the time of inspection such as, but not limited to, overflow, surfacing, ponding and nuisance;
e. Submit an annual report on or before September 1 of the calendar year, to the Utah Division of Water Quality showing:
i. type and number of systems approved, installed, modified, repaired, failed, inspected;
ii. a summary of enforcement actions taken, pending and resolved;
iii. a summary of performance of water quality data collected;
iv. a summary of the performance of contractors, responsible management entities, or management districts operating, maintaining and monitoring alternative systems; and,
v. management options followed in the reporting year and planned to be followed in the period after the reporting period.
f. Description of Management options to be followed:
i. Using the health department staff for all inspections and monitoring of permitted alternative systems; or,
ii. Contracting with a responsible management entity employing qualified service providers for operating, maintaining and monitoring alternative systems, certified in accordance with R317-11; or,
iii. Using a management district, body politic created by the county for the purpose of managing onsite systems with an annual performance review; or,
iv. An appropriate combination of contract providers or a District, body politic.
B. All alternative systems will be inspected as follows:
1. All at-grade and earth fill systems shall be monitored at a period of six months after initial use, and annually thereafter for a total of five years
2. All mound and packed bed media systems shall be monitored once every six months for the life of that system by:
a. the local health department staff, or,
b. a contract service provider overseen by the local health department, or,
c. a responsible management entity overseen by the local health department, or,
d. a management district, body politic created by the county for the purpose of managing onsite systems.
2.3. Failure to Comply With Rules. Any person failing to comply with This rule will be subject to action as specified in Section 19-5-115 and 26A-1-123.
2.4. Onsite Wastewater System Required. The drainage system of each dwelling, building or premises covered herein shall receive all wastewater (including but not limited to bathroom, kitchen, and laundry wastes) and shall have a connection to a public sewer except when such sewer is not available or practicable for use, in which case connection shall be made as follows:
A. To an onsite wastewater system found to be adequate and constructed in accordance with requirements stated herein.
B. To any other type of wastewater system acceptable under R317-1, R317-3, R317-5, or R317-560.
2.5. Flows Prohibited From Entering Onsite Wastewater Systems. No ground water drainage, drainage from roofs, roads, yards, or other similar sources shall discharge into any portion of an onsite wastewater system, but shall be disposed of so they will in no way affect the system. Non domestic wastes such as chemicals, paints, or other substances which are detrimental to the proper functioning of an onsite wastewater system shall not be disposed of in such systems.
2.6. No Discharge to Surface Waters or Ground Surface. Effluent from any onsite wastewater system shall not be discharged to surface waters or upon the surface of the ground. Sewage shall not be discharged into any abandoned or unused well, or into any crevice, sinkhole, or similar opening, either natural or artificial.
2.7. Repair of a Failing or Unapproved System. Whenever an onsite wastewater system is found by the regulatory authority to create or contribute to any dangerous or unsanitary condition which may involve a public health hazard, a malfunctioning system, or deviates from the plans and specifications approved by such health authorities, the regulatory authority may order the owner to take the necessary action to cause the condition to be corrected, eliminated or otherwise come into compliance.
2.8. Procedure for Wastewater System Abandonment.
A. When a dwelling served by an onsite wastewater system is connected to a public sewer, the septic tank shall be abandoned and shall be disconnected from and bypassed with the building sewer unless otherwise approved by the regulatory authority.
B. Whenever the use of an onsite wastewater system has been abandoned or discontinued, the owner of the real property on which such wastewater system is located shall render it safe by having the septic tank wastes pumped out or otherwise disposed of in an approved manner, and the septic tank filled completely with earth, sand, or gravel within 30 days. The septic tank may also be removed within 30 days , at the owners discretion. The contents of a septic tank or other treatment device shall be disposed of only in a manner approved by the regulatory authority.
3.1. Units Required in an Onsite Wastewater System. The onsite wastewater system shall consist of the following components:
A. A building sewer.
B. A septic tank.
C. An absorption system. This may be a standard trench, a shallow trench with capping fill, a chambered trench, a deep wall trench, a seepage pit or pits, an absorption bed, or alternative or experimental systems as specified in this rule, depending on location, topography, soil conditions and ground water table.
3.2. Multiple Dwelling Units. Multiple dwelling units under individual ownership, except condominiums, shall not be served by a single onsite wastewater system except where that system is under the sponsorship of a body politic. Plans and specifications for such systems shall be submitted to and approved by the Utah Division of Water Quality. Issuance of a construction permit by the Board shall constitute approval of plans and authorization for construction.
3.3. Review Criteria for Establishing Onsite Wastewater System Feasibility of Proposed Housing Subdivisions and Other Similar Developments. The local health department will review plans for proposed subdivisions and other similar developments for wastewater permit feasibility, prepared at the owner's expense by or under the supervision of a qualified person such as, a licensed environmental health scientist, or a registered civil, environmental or geotechnical engineer, certified by the regulatory authority. A plan of the subdivision shall be submitted to the local health department for review and shall be drawn to such scale as needed to show essential features. Ground surface contours must be included, preferably at two-foot intervals unless smaller intervals are necessary to describe existing surface conditions. Intervals larger than two feet may be authorized on a case-by-case basis where it can be shown that they are adequate to describe all necessary terrain features. The plan must be specifically located with respect to the public land survey of Utah. A vicinity location map, preferably a U.S. Geological Survey 7-1/2 or 15 minute topographic map, shall be provided with the plan for ease in locating the subdivision area. A narrative feasibility report addressing the short-range and long-range water supply and wastewater system facilities proposed to serve the development must be submitted for review. The feasibility report shall include the following information:
A. Name and location of proposed development.
B. Name and address of the developer of the proposed project and the engineer or individual who submitted the feasibility report.
C. Statement of intended use of proposed development, such as residential-single family, multiple dwellings, commercial, industrial, or agricultural.
D. The proposed street and lot layout, the size and dimensions of each lot and the location of all water lines and easements, and if possible, the areas proposed for sewage disposal. All lots shall be consecutively numbered. The minimum required area of each lot shall be sufficient to permit the safe and effective use of an onsite wastewater system and shall include a replacement area for the absorption system. Plans used for multiple dwellings, commercial, and industrial purposes will require a study of anticipated sewage flows prior to developing suitable area requirements for sewage disposal.
E. Ground surface slope of areas proposed for onsite wastewater systems shall conform with the requirements of R317-4-4.
F. The location, type, and depth of all existing and proposed nonpublic water supply sources within 200 feet of onsite wastewater systems, and of all existing or proposed public water supply sources within 1500 feet of onsite wastewater systems.
G. The locations of all rivers, streams, creeks, washes (dry or ephemeral), lakes, canals, marshes, subsurface drains, natural storm water drains, lagoons, artificial impoundments, either existing or proposed, within or adjacent to the area to be planned , and cutting or filling of lots that will affect building sites. Areas proposed for onsite wastewater systems shall be isolated from pertinent ground features as specified in Table 2.
H. Surface drainage systems shall be included on the plan , as naturally occurring, and as altered by roadways or any drainage, grading or improvement, installed or proposed by the developer. The details of the surface drainage system shall show that the surface drainage structures, whether ditches, pipes, or culverts, will be adequate to handle all surface drainage so that it in no way will affect onsite wastewater systems on the property. Details shall also be provided for the final disposal of surface runoff from the property.
I. If any part of a subdivision lies within or abuts a flood plain area, the flood plain shall be shown within a contour line and shall be clearly labeled on the plan with the words "flood plain area".
J. The location of all soil exploration pits and percolation test holes shall be clearly identified on the subdivision final plat and identified by a key number or letter designation. The results of such soil tests, including stratified depths of soils and final percolation rates for each lot shall be recorded on or with the final plat. All soil tests shall be conducted at the owner's expense.
K. A report by an engineer, geologist, or other person qualified by training and experience to prepare such reports must be submitted to show a comprehensive log of soil conditions for each lot proposed for an onsite wastewater system.
1. A sufficient number of soil exploration pits shall be dug on the property to provide an accurate description of subsurface soil conditions. Soil description shall conform with the United States Department of Agriculture soil classification system. Soil exploration pits shall be of sufficient size to permit visual inspection, and to a minimum depth of ten feet, and at least four feet below the bottom of proposed absorption systems. One end of each pit should be sloped gently to permit easy entry if necessary. Deeper soil exploration pits are required if deep absorption systems, such as deep wall trenches or seepage pits, are proposed.
2. For each soil exploration pit, a log of the subsurface formations encountered must be submitted for review which describes the texture, structure, and depth of each soil type, the depth of the ground water table if encountered, and any indications of the maximum ground water table.
3. Soil exploration pits and percolation tests shall be made at the rate of at least one test per lot. The local health department may allow fewer tests based on the uniformity of prevailing soil and ground water characteristics and available percolation test data. Percolation tests shall be conducted in accordance with R317-4-5. If soil conditions and surface topography indicate, a greater number of soil exploration pits or percolation tests may be required by the regulatory authority. Whenever available, information from published soil studies of the area of the proposed subdivision shall be submitted for review. Soil exploration pits and percolation tests must be conducted as closely as possible to the absorption system sites on the lots or parcels. The regulatory authority shall have the option of inspecting the open soil exploration pits and monitoring the percolation test procedure. Complete results shall be submitted for review, including all unacceptable test results. Absorption systems are not permitted in areas where the requirements of R317-4-5 cannot be met or where the percolation rate is slower than 60 minutes per inch or faster than one minute per inch. Where soil and other site conditions are clearly unsuitable, there is no need for conducting soil exploration pits or percolation tests.
L. A statement by an engineer, geologist, or other person qualified by training and experience to prepare such statements, must be submitted indicating the present and maximum ground water table throughout the development. If there is evidence that the ground water table ever rises to less than two feet from the bottom of the proposed absorption systems , onsite wastewater absorption systems will not be approved. Ground water table determinations must be made in accordance with R317-4-5.
M. If ground surface slopes exceed four percent, or if soil conditions, drainage channels, ditches, ponds or watercourses are located in or near the project so as to complicate design and location of an onsite wastewater systems, a detailed system layout shall be provided for those lots presenting the greatest design difficulty. A typical lot layout will include, but not be limited to the following information, and shall be drawn to scale:
1. All critical dimensions and distances for the selected lot(s), including the distance of the onsite wastewater system from lakes, ponds, watercourses, etc.
2. Location of dwelling, with distances from street and property lines.
3. Location of water lines, water supply, onsite wastewater system, property lines, and lot easements.
4. Capacity of septic tank and dimensions and cross-section of absorption system.
5. Results and locations of individual soil exploration pits and percolation tests conducted on the selected lot(s).
6. If nonpublic wells or springs are to be provided, the plan shall show a typical lot layout indicating the relative location of the building, well or spring, and onsite wastewater system.
N. If proposed developments are located in aquifer recharge areas or areas of other particular geologic concern, the regulatory authority may require such additional information relative to ground water movement, or possible subsurface sewage flow.
O. Excessively Permeable Soil and Blow Sand. Soil having excessively high permeability, such as cobbles or gravels with little fines and large voids, affords little filtering action to effluents flowing through it and may constitute grounds for rejection of sites. The extremely fine-grained "blow sand" (aeolian sand) found in some parts of Utah is unsuitable for absorption systems, and onsite wastewater system for installation in such blow sand conditions shall not be approved. This shall not apply to lots which have received final local health department approval prior to the effective date of this rule.
1. Percolation test results in blow sand will generally be rapid, but experience has shown that this soil has a tendency to become sealed with minute organic particles within a short period of time. For lots which are exempt as described above, systems may be constructed in such material provided it is found to be within the required range of percolation rates specified in these rules, and provided further that the required area shall be calculated on the assumption of the minimum acceptable percolation rate (60 minutes per inch for standard trenches, deep wall trenches, and seepage pits, and 30 minutes per inch for absorption beds).
2. Prohibition of Onsite Wastewater Systems. If soil studies described in the foregoing paragraphs indicate conditions which fail in any way to meet the requirements specified herein, the use of onsite wastewater systems in the area of study will be prohibited.
P. After review of all information, plans, and proposals, the regulatory authority will send a letter to the individual who submitted the feasibility report stating the results of the review or the need for additional information. An affirmative statement of feasibility does not imply that it will be possible to install onsite wastewater systems on all of the proposed lots, but shall mean that such onsite wastewater systems may be installed on the majority of the proposed lots in accordance with minimum State requirements and any conditions that may be imposed.
3.4. Submission, Review, and Approval of Plans for Onsite Wastewater Systems.
A. Plans and specifications for the construction, alteration, extension, or change of use of onsite wastewater systems which receive domestic wastewater, prepared at the owner's expense by or under the supervision of a qualified person such as, a licensed environmental health scientist, or a registered civil, environmental or geotechnical engineer, certified by the regulatory authority, shall be submitted to, and approved by the local health department having jurisdiction before construction of either the onsite wastewater system or building to be served by the onsite wastewater system may begin. Details for said site, plans, and specifications are listed in R317-4-4. After January 1, 2002, the design must be prepared in accordance with certification requirements in R317-11.
B. Plans and specifications for the construction, alteration, extension, or change of use of onsite wastewater systems which receive nondomestic wastewater shall be submitted to and approved by the Division of Water Quality.
C. The local health department having jurisdiction, or the Division, shall review said plans and specifications as to their adequacy of design for the intended purpose, and shall, if necessary, require such changes as are required by these rules. When the reviewing regulatory authority is satisfied that plans and specifications are adequate for the conditions under which a system is to be installed and used, written approval shall be issued to the individual making the submittal and the plans shall be stamped indicating approval. Construction shall not commence until the plans have been approved by the regulatory authority. The installer shall not deviate from the approved design without the approval of the reviewing regulatory authority.
D. Depending on the individual site and circumstances, or as determined by the local board of health some or all of the following information may be required. Compliance with these rules must be determined by an on-site inspection after construction but before backfilling. Onsite wastewater systems must be constructed and installed in accordance with these rules.
E. In order that approval can be expedited, plans submitted for review must be drawn to scale (1" = 8', 16', etc. but not exceed 1" = 30'), or dimensions indicated. Plans must be prepared in such a manner that the contractor can read and follow them in order to install the system properly. Plan information that may be required is as follows:
1. Plot or property plan showing:
a. Date of application.
b. Direction of north.
c. Lot size and dimensions.
d. Legal description of property if available.
e. Ground surface contours (preferably at two-foot intervals) of both the original and final (proposed) grades of the property, or relative elevations using an established bench mark.
f. Location and dimensions of paved and unpaved driveways, roadways and parking areas.
g. Location and explanation of type of dwelling to be served by an onsite wastewater system.
h. Maximum number of bedrooms (including statement of whether a finished or unfinished basement will be provided), or if other than a single family dwelling, the number of occupants expected and the estimated gallons of wastewater generated per day.
i. Location and dimensions of the essential components of the onsite wastewater system.
j. Location of soil exploration pit(s) and percolation test holes.
k. Location of building sewer and water service line to serve dwelling.
l. The location, type, and depth of all existing and proposed nonpublic water supply sources within 200 feet of onsite wastewater systems, and of all existing or proposed public water supply sources within 1500 feet of onsite wastewater systems.
m. Distance to nearest public water main and size of main.
n. Distance to nearest public sewer, size of sewer, and whether accessible by gravity.
o. Location of easements or drainage right-of-ways affecting the property.
p. Location of all streams, ditches, watercourses, ponds, subsurface drains, etc., (whether intermittent or year-round) within 100 feet of proposed onsite wastewater system.
2. Statement of soil conditions obtained from soil exploration pit(s) dug (preferably by backhoe) to a depth of ten feet in the absorption system area, or to the ground water table if it is shallower than 10 feet below ground surface. In the event that absorption system excavations will be deeper than six feet, soil exploration pits must extend to a depth of at least four feet below the bottom of the proposed absorption system excavation. One end of each pit should be sloped gently to permit easy entry if necessary. Whenever possible data from published soil studies of the site should also be submitted. Soil logs should be prepared in accordance with the United States Department of Agriculture soil classification system.
3. Statement with supporting evidence indicating (A) present and (B) maximum anticipated ground water table and (C) flooding potential for onsite wastewater system site.
4. The results of at least one stabilized percolation test for the design flow less than 2,000 gallons per day, or three tests if the design flow is more than 2,000 gallons per day, but less than 5,000 gallons per day, in the area of the proposed absorption system, conducted according to R317-4-5. Percolation tests should be conducted at a depth of six inches below the bottom of the proposed absorption system excavation and test results should be submitted on a "Percolation Test Certificate" obtainable upon request. If a deep wall trench or seepage pit is proposed, a completed "Deep Wall Trench Construction Certificate" may be submitted if percolation tests are not required.
5. Relative elevations (using an established bench mark) of the:
a. Building drain outlet.
b. The inlet and outlet inverts of the septic tank(s).
c. The outlet invert of the distribution box (if provided) and the ends or corners of each distribution pipe lateral in the absorption system.
d. The final ground surface over the absorption system.
e. Septic tank access cover, including length of extension, if used.
6. Schedule or grade, material, diameter, and minimum slope of building sewer.
7. Septic tank capacity, design (cross sections, etc.), materials, and dimensions. If tank is commercially manufactured, state name and address of manufacturer.
8. Details of drop boxes or distribution boxes (if provided)
9. Absorption system details which include the following:
a. Schedule or grade, material, and diameter of distribution pipes.
b. Required and proposed area for absorption system.
c. Length, slope, and spacing of each distribution pipeline.
d. Maximum slope across ground surface of absorption system area.
e. Slope of distribution pipelines (maximum slope four inches/100 feet., level preferred)
f. Distance of distribution pipes from trees, cut banks, fills or other subsurface disposal systems.
g. Type and size of filter material to be used (must be clean, free from fines, etc.).
h. Cross section of absorption system showing:
i. Depth and width of absorption system excavation.
ii. Depth of distribution pipe.
iii. Depth of filter material.
iv. Barrier (i.e., synthetic filter fabric, straw, etc.) used to separate filter material from backfill.
v. Depth of backfill.
10. Schedule or grade, type, and capacity of sewage pump, pump well, discharge line, siphons, siphon chambers, etc., if required as part of the onsite wastewater system.
11. Statement indicating (A) source of water supply for dwelling (whether a well, spring, or public system) and (B) location and (C) distance from onsite wastewater disposal system. If plan approval of a nonpublic water supply system is desired, information regarding that system must be submitted separately.
12. Complete address of dwelling to be served by this onsite wastewater system. Also the name, current address, and telephone number of:
a. The person who will own the proposed onsite wastewater system.
b. The person who will construct and install the onsite wastewater system.
c. If mortgage loan for dwelling is insured or guaranteed by a federal agency, the name and local address of that agency.
F. All applicants requesting plan approval for an onsite wastewater system must submit a sufficient number of copies of the above required information to enable the regulatory authority to retain one copy as a permanent record.
G. Applications will be rejected if proper information is not submitted.
3.5. Final On-Site Inspection.
A. After an onsite wastewater system has been installed and before it is backfilled or used, the entire system shall be inspected by the appropriate regulatory authority to determine compliance with these rules. For deep wall trenches and seepage pits, the regulatory authority should make at least two inspections, with the first inspection being made following the excavation and the second inspection after the trench or pit has been filled with stone or constructed, but before any backfilling has occurred.
B. Each septic tank shall be tested for water tightness. Testing may be performed in accordance with the requirements and procedure outlined in the American Society for Testing Materials' Standard ASTM C-1227, or concrete tanks shall be filled 24 hours before the inspection to allow stabilization of the water level. During the inspection there shall be no change in the water level for 30 minutes. Nor shall moving water, into or out of the tank, be visible. The regulatory authority may allow two piece tanks, with the joint below the water level, to be backfilled up to three inches below the joint to provide adequate support to the seam of the tank. Testing shall be supervised by the regulatory authority. Tanks exhibiting obvious defects or leaks shall not be approved unless such deficiencies are repaired to the satisfaction of the regulatory authority.
4.1. Site Location and Installation.
A. Onsite wastewater systems are not suitable for all areas and situations. Location and installation of each system, or other approved means of disposal, shall be such that with reasonable maintenance, it will function in a sanitary manner and will not create a nuisance, public health hazard, or endanger the quality of any waters of the State. Systems shall be located on the same lot as the building served unless, when approved by the regulatory authority, a perpetual utility easement and right-of-way is established on an adjacent or nearby lot for the construction, operation, and continued maintenance, repair, alteration, inspection, relocation, and replacement of an onsite wastewater system, to include all rights to ingress and egress necessary or convenient for the full or complete use, occupation, and enjoyment of the granted easement. The easement must accommodate the entire onsite wastewater system, including setbacks (see Table 2) which extend beyond the property line.
B. In determining a suitable location for the system, due consideration shall be given to such factors as: size and shape of the lot; slope of natural and finished grade; location of existing and future water supplies; depth to ground water and bedrock; soil characteristics and depth; potential flooding or storm catchment; possible expansion of the system, and future connection to a public sewer system.
4.2. Lot Size Requirements.
A. One of the following two methods shall be used for determining minimum lot size for a single- family dwelling when an onsite wastewater system is to be used:
METHOD 1:-The local health department having jurisdiction may determine minimum lot size. Individuals or developers requesting lot size determinations under this method will be required to submit to the local health department, at their own expense, a report which accurately takes into account, but is not limited to, the following factors:
A. Soil type and depth.
B. Area drainage, lot drainage, and potential for flooding.
C. Protection of surface and ground waters.
D. Setbacks from property lines, water supplies, etc.
E. Source of culinary water.
F. Topography, geology, hydrology and ground cover.
G. Availability of public sewers.
H. Activity or land use, present and anticipated.
I. Growth patterns.
J. Individual and accumulated gross effects on water quality.
K. Reserve areas for additional subsurface disposal.
L. Anticipated sewage volume.
M. Climatic conditions.
N. Installation plans for wastewater system.
O. Area to be utilized by dwelling and other structures.
Under this method, local health departments may elect to involve other affected governmental entities and the Division in making joint lot size determinations. The Division will develop technical information, training programs, and provide engineering and geohydrologic assistance in making lot size determinations that will be available to local health departments upon their request.
METHOD 2:-Whenever local health departments do not establish minimum lot sizes for single-family dwellings that will be served by onsite wastewater systems, the requirements of Table 1 shall be met:
TABLE 1
Minimum Lot Size(a)
WATER SUPPLY SOIL TYPE
1 2 3 4 5
Public(b) 12,000 15,000 18,000 20,000 --
sq. ft. sq. ft. sq. ft. sq. ft.
Individual 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 --
each lot(c) acre acres acres acres
SOIL DRAINAGE PERCOLATION APPROXIMATE SOIL CLASSIFICATION
TYPE RATE(d)(e) SYMBOL (USDA Soil
Classification System)(e)(f)
1 Good 1-15 Sand, Loamy Sand
2 Fair 16-30 Sandy Loam, Loam
3 Poor 30-45 Loam, Silty Loam
4 Marginal 46-60 Sandy Clay Loam. Silty Clay Loam,(g).
5 Unacceptable (h) Clay Loam, Clay Bedrock, fractured bedrock,
hardpan,
(including unacceptable ground
water table elevations)
FOOTNOTES
(a) Excluding public streets and alleys or other public
rights-of-way, lands or any portion thereof abutting on, running
through or within a building lot for a single-family dwelling.
These minimum lot size requirements shall not apply to building
lots which have been recorded or have received final local
health department approval prior to May 21, 1984. Unrecorded
lots which are part of subdivisions that have received final
local health department approval prior to May 21, 1984 are only
exempt from the minimum lot size requirements if the developer
has and is proceeding with reasonable diligence.
Notwithstanding this grandfather provision for recorded and
other approved lots, the minimum lot size requirements are
applicable if compelling or countervailing public health
interests would necessitate application of these more stringent
requirements. The shape of the lot must also be acceptable to
the regulatory authority.
(b) This category shall also include lots served by a
nonpublic water source that is not located on the lots.
(c) See the isolation requirements in Table 2.
(d) When deep wall trenches or seepage pits will be used,
the percolation test may be estimated by a qualified person in
accordance with R317-4-9.
(e) When there is a substantial discrepancy between the
percolation rate and the approximate soil classification, it
shall be resolved to the satisfaction of the regulatory
authority, or the soil type requiring the largest lot shall be
used.
(f) See Table 10 for a more detailed description of the
USDA soil classification system.
(g) These soils are usually considered unsuitable for
absorption systems, but may be suitable, depending upon the
percentage and type of fines in coarse-grained porous soils,
and the percentage of sand and gravels in fine-grained soils.
(h) Faster than one minute per inch, slower than 60
minutes per inch, or unsuitable soil formations.
B. Determination of minimum lot size by Methods 1 and 2 would not preempt local governments from establishing larger minimum lot sizes.
C. Available pertinent land for construction of other than single-family dwellings should have a minimum net available area in the amount of 22 square feet per gallon of estimated sewage computed from the fixture unit values established by Table 3 or other acceptable methods. Each fixture unit should be rated at not less than 25 gallons per day. One-half of this pertinent land area should be available for the absorption system.
4.3. Isolation of Onsite Wastewater Systems. Minimum distances between components of an onsite wastewater disposal system and pertinent ground features shall be as prescribed in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Minimum Horizontal Distance in Feet(a)
(Undisturbed Earth)
to to
FROM Building Septic
Sewer Tank
Public Water Supply Sources
Protected Aquifer Well (c) 100 100
Unprotected Aquifer Well (c) (d) (d)
Spring (c) (d) (d)
Individual or Nonpublic Water
Supply Sources
Grouted Well (k) 25 50
Ungrouted Well (k) 25 50
Spring (c) 25 50
Non-culinary Well or Spring -- 25
Watercourse (live or ephemeral
stream, river, subsurface drain
canal, etc.) -- 25
Lake, Pond, Reservoir -- 25
Culinary Water Supply Line (g) 10
Foundation of any building
including garages and outbuildings:
without foundation drains 3 5
with foundation drains 3 25
Curtain drains
located up gradient -- 10
located down gradient 10 25
Property line 5 5
Swimming pool wall (subsurface) 3 10
Downslope cut bank or
top of embankment -- 10
Dry washes, gulches, and gullies -- 25
Catch basin or dry well -- 5
Trees and shrubs (h) -- --
Deep Wall Trench (b) -- 5
Absorption Bed -- 5
Standard/Chamber Trench -- 5
Minimum Horizontal Distance in Feet(a)
(Undisturbed Earth)
to to to
FROM Standard Deep Wall Absorption
Trench Trench Bed
Public Water Supply Sources
Protected Aquifer Well (c) 100 100 100
Unprotected Aquifer Well (c) (d) (d) (d)
Spring (c) (d) (d) (d)
Individual or Nonpublic Water
Supply Sources
Grouted Well (k) 100 100 100
Ungrouted Well (k) 200(e) 200(e) 200(e)
Spring (c) 200(e) 200(e) 200(e)
Non-culinary Well or Spring 100 100 100
Watercourse (live or ephemeral
stream, river, subsurface drain
canal, etc.) 100(f) 100(f) 100(f)
Lake, Pond, Reservoir 100 100 100
Culinary Water Supply Line 10(g) 10(g) 10(g)
Foundation of any building
including garages and outbuildings:
without foundation drains 5 20 5
with foundation drains 100 100 100
Curtain drains
located up gradient 20 20 20
located down gradient 100 100 100
Property line 5 10 10
Swimming pool wall (subsurface) 25 25 25
Downslope cut bank or
top of embankment 50 50 50
Dry washes, gulches, and gullies 50 50 50
Catch basin or dry well 25 25 25
Trees and shrubs (h) 5 5 5
Deep Wall Trench (b) 10 (i) 10
Absorption Bed 10 10 10
Standard Trench (j) 10 10
FOOTNOTES
(a) All distances are from edge to edge. Where surface
waters are involved, the distance shall be measured from the
high water line.
(b) Seepage pits shall meet the same separation distances
specified for deep wall trenches, except that seepage pits shall
be separated from one another by at least a distance equal to 3
times the greatest diameter of either pit, with a minimum
separation of 15 feet.
(c) As defined by R309-113-6. Distances to avoid
contamination cannot always be predicted for varying conditions
of soil or underlying bedrock and ground water. Absorption
systems should be located as far away from wells, springs, and
other water supplies as is practicable, and not on a direct
slope above them. Compliance with separation requirements does
not guarantee acceptable water quality in every instance. This
is particularly applicable with shallow sources of ground water.
Where geological or other conditions warrant, greater distances
may be required by the regulatory authority.
(d) It is recommended that the listed concentrated sources
of pollution be located at least 1500 feet or as required by the
Drinking Water Source Protection rules, from unprotected aquifer
wells and springs used as public water sources. Any proposal to
locate closer than 1500 feet from the property line must be
reviewed and approved by the regulatory authority, taking into
account geology, hydrology, topography, existing land use
agreements, consideration of the drinking water source
protection requirements, protection of public health and
potential for pollution of water source. Any person proposing
to locate an onsite wastewater system closer than 1500 feet to a
public unprotected aquifer well or spring must submit a report
to the regulatory authority which considers the above items.
The minimum required isolation distance where optimum conditions
exist and with the approval of the regulatory authority may be
100 feet. R309-113 requires a protective zone, established by
the public water supply owner, before a new source is approved.
Public water sources which existed prior to the requirement for
a protective zone may not have acquired one. Such circumstances
must be reviewed by the regulatory authority, taking into
account geology, hydrology, topography, existing land use
agreements, consideration of the drinking water source
protection requirements, protection of public health and
potential for pollution of water source.
(e) Although this distance shall be generally adhered to
as the minimum required separation distance, exceptions may be
approved by the regulatory authority, taking into account
geology, hydrology, topography, existing land use agreements,
consideration of the drinking water source protection
requirements, protection of public health and potential for
pollution of water source. Any person proposing to locate an
absorption system closer than 200 feet to an individual or
nonpublic ungrouted well or spring must submit a report to the
regulatory authority which considers the above items. In no
case shall the regulatory authority grant approval for an onsite
wastewater system to be closer than 100 feet from an ungrouted
well or a spring.
(f) Lining or enclosing watercourses with an acceptable
impervious material may permit a reduction in the separation
requirement. In situations where the bottom of a canal or
watercourse is at a higher elevation than the ground in which
the absorption system is to be installed, a reduction in the
distance requirement may be justified, but each case must be
decided on its own merits by the regulatory authority.
(g) If the water supply line is for a public water supply,
the separation distance must comply with the requirements of
R309. No water service line shall pass over any portion of an
onsite wastewater system.
(h) Components which are not watertight should not extend
into actual or anticipated root systems of nearby trees. Trees
and other large rooted plants shall not be allowed to grow over
onsite wastewater systems. However, it is desirable to cover
the area over onsite wastewater systems with lawn grass or other
shallow-rooted plants. Onsite wastewater systems should not be
located under vegetable gardens.
(i) For deep wall trenches, the separation distance must
be at least equal to 3 times the deepest effective depth of
either trench with a minimum separation of 12 feet between
trenches.
(j) See R317-4-9, Table 9.
(k) A grouted well is a well constructed as required in
the drinking water rules R309.
4.4. Estimates of Wastewater Quantity. Quantity of wastewater to be disposed of shall be determined accurately, preferably by actual measurement. Metered water supply figures for similar installations can usually be relied upon, providing the nondisposable consumption, if any, is subtracted. Where this data is not available, the minimum design flow figures in Table 3 shall be used to make estimates of flow. In no event shall the septic tank or absorption system be designed such that the anticipated maximum daily sewage flow exceeds the capacity for which the system was designed.
TABLE 3
Estimated Quantity of Domestic Wastewater(a)
Type of Establishment Gallons per day
Airports
a. per passenger 3
b. per employee 15
Boarding Houses
a. for each resident boarder and
employee 50 per person
b. additional for each nonresident
boarders 10 per person
Bowling Alleys
a. with snack bar 100 per alley
b. with no snack bar 85 per alley
Camps
a. modern camp 30 per person
b. semi-developed with flush toilets 30 per person
c. semi-developed with no flush
toilets 5 per person
Churches
a. per person 5
Condominiums, Multiple Family
Dwellings, or Apartments
a. with individual or common
laundry facilities 400 per unit
b. with no individual or common
laundry facilities 75 per person
Country Clubs
a. per resident member 100
b. per nonresident member present 25
c. per employee 15
Dentist's Office
a. per chair 200
b. per staff member 35
Doctor's Office
a. per patient 10
b. per staff member 35
Fairgrounds 1 per person
Fire Stations
a. with full-time employees and
food preparation 70 per person
b. with no full-time employees
and no food preparation 5 per person
Gyms
a. participant 25 per person
b. spectator 4 per person
Hairdresser
a. per chair 50
b. per operator 35
Highway Rest Stops (improved,
with restroom facilities) 5 per vehicle
Hospitals 250 per bed
space
Hotels, Motels, and Resorts 125 per unit
Industrial Buildings (exclusive of
industrial waste)
a. with showers, per 8 hour shift 35 per person
b. with no showers, per 8 hour shift 15 per person
Labor or Construction Camps 50 per person
Launderette 580 per washer
Mobile Home Parks 400 per unit
Movie Theaters
a. auditorium 5 per seat
b. drive-in 10 per car
space
Nursing Homes 200 per bed
space
Office Buildings and Business
Establishments (Sanitary
wastes only, per shift)
a. with cafeteria 25 per employee
b. with no cafeteria 15 per employee
Picnic Parks (toilet wastes only) 5 per person
Restaurants(b)
a. ordinary restaurants (not 24
hour service) 35 per seat
b. 24 hour service 50 per seat
c. single service customer utensils
only 2 per customer
d. or, per customer served
(includes toilet and
kitchen wastes) 10
Recreational Vehicle Parks
a. sanitary stations for
self-contained vehicles 50 per space
b. dependent spaces (temporary
or transient with no
sewer connections) 50 per space
c. independent spaces (temporary
or transient with sewer
connections) 125 per space
Rooming House 40 per person
Sanitary Stations (per
self-contained vehicle) 50
Schools
a. boarding 75 per person
b. day, without cafeteria,
gymnasiums or showers 15 per person
c. day, with cafeteria, but no
gymnasiums and showers 20 per person
d. day, with cafeteria, gymnasium
and showers 25 per person
Service Stations(c) (per vehicle
served) 10
Single-Family Dwellings (See Tables 7,
10, and 13)
Skating Rink, Dance Halls, etc.
a. no kitchen wastes 10 per person
b. additional for kitchen wastes 3 per person
Ski Areas
a. no kitchen wastes 10 per person
b. Additional for kitchen wastes 3 per person
Stores
a. per public toilet room 500
b. per employee 11
Swimming Pools and Bathhouses(d) 10 per person
Taverns, Bars, Cocktail Lounges 20 per seat
Visitor Centers 5 per visitor
FOOTNOTES
(a) When more than one use will occur, the multiple use
shall be considered in determining total flow. Small industrial
plants maintaining a cafeteria or showers and club houses or
motels maintaining swimming pools or laundries are typical
examples of multiple uses. Uses other than those listed above
shall be considered in relation to established flows from known
or similar installations.
(b) No commercial food waste disposal unit shall be
connected to an onsite wastewater system unless first approved
by the regulatory authority.
(c) Or, 250 gallons per day per pump.
(d) Or, 20 x water area + deck area.
4.5. Installation in Sloping Ground.
A. Construction of absorption systems on slopes in excess of 15 percent but not greater than 25 percent may be allowed providing that subsoil profiles indicate no restrictive layers of soil and appropriate engineering design is provided. Absorption systems placed in sloping ground shall be so constructed that there is a minimum of 10 feet of undisturbed earth measured horizontally from the bottom of the distribution line to the ground surface. Where the addition of fluids is judged to create an unstable slope, absorption systems will be prohibited.
B. Absorption systems shall be so located and constructed that there is a minimum of 50 feet from downhill slopes that exceed 35 percent.
C. Alternative systems shall be subject to the site slope limits specified in R317-4-11 for earth fill, "at-grade" systems and in mound systems.
4.6. Replacement Area for Absorption System. Adequate and suitable land shall be reserved and kept free of permanent structures, traffic, or adverse soil modification for 100 percent replacement of each absorption system. If approved by the regulatory authority, the area between standard trenches or deep wall trenches may be regarded as replacement area.
4.7. Variance to Design Requirements
1. Requirements for which a variance may be approved.
An applicant may request a variance from onsite system design requirements, as specified in this section R317-4-4.7, in the following circumstances:
A. When site conditions do not allow a property owner to construct an onsite system so that the absorption bed or trench are separated from a dry wash, gully or gulch by a minimum distance of 50 feet as required under R317-4-4.3, Table 2; or,
B. When site conditions do not allow a property owner to construct an onsite system that complies with the slope and distance from slope requirements of R317-4-4.5.
2. Standards
A variance will not be approved unless the applicant demonstrates that all of the following conditions are met:
A. A wastewater system consistent with R317-4 and local health department requirements cannot be constructed and a connection to a public or community-based sewerage system is not available. This determination will be made in consultation with the local health department.
B. Wastewater from the proposed system will not contaminate ground water or surface water, and will not surface or move off site before it is adequately treated to protect public health and the environment.
C. No slope will fail, and there will be no other landslide or structural failure if the system is constructed and operated as proposed, even if all properties in the vicinity are developed with onsite wastewater systems.
D. Adjacent properties, including the current and reasonably anticipated uses of adjacent properties, will not be jeopardized if the proposed system is constructed and operated.
3. Procedure for requesting variance
A. A variance request shall be submitted to the Executive Secretary and to the local health department.
B. A variance request shall include the information and documentation described in R317-4-4.7.4.
C. The Executive Secretary may, with the approval of the Board, appoint an advisory committee to consider variance requests and make recommendations to the Executive Secretary. Any such advisory committee shall include at least one representative from a local health department. The Executive Secretary may refer any variance request to the variance advisory committee.
D. An applicant may request an advance determination about eligibility for a variance under R317-4- 4.7.2(A) before the applicant submits a request that addresses the remaining requirements.
E. The Executive Secretary shall make a determination to approve or deny a variance request within 180 days of the receipt of a complete and technically adequate request. That determination may be reviewed by the Board as provided in Section 19-5-112, Utah Code Ann., and R317-9-3, Utah Administrative Code.
F. A local health department may not issue an approval or an operating permit for an onsite system that does not comply with all pertinent design requirements unless a variance has been approved; however a local health department is not required to issue an approval or operating permit based on the Executive Secretary's or Board's approval of a variance.
G. If approval of a variance is conditioned upon an applicant's commitment to record limiting conditions on the deed, the local health department may not issue an approval or operating permit for a system for which a variance has been approved until it confirms this condition has been fulfilled.
H. If approval of a variance is conditioned upon the local health department's oversight of the applicant's continuing compliance with specified conditions, the local health department may not issue an approval or operating permit for a system for which a variance has been approved until the applicant and the local health department have executed a written agreement regarding reimbursement of costs or any fees associated with that oversight.
I. All of the information required under R317-4-4.7.4, except the information required by R317-4- 4.7.4(G) and (H), shall be submitted in a report by a professional engineer or a professional geologist that is certified at the appropriate level to perform onsite system design. An engineer or geologist who submits a report shall be licensed to practice in Utah and shall have sufficient experience and expertise to make the determinations in the report. Any such report shall include the engineer's or geologist's name and registration number, and a summary of qualifications. The report shall be imprinted with the engineer's or geologist's registration seal and signature.
4. Application requirements
The variance application shall include all information and documentation necessary to ensure that the standards in R317-4-4.7.2 will be met, including, as appropriate:
A. Information demonstrating that connection to a public or community-based sewerage system is not available, there is no other option for sewage disposal, and site conditions prevent construction or use of an onsite system that is in compliance with applicable legal requirements.
B. A detailed description of the proposed system, including engineering and reliability information, and information about its proposed location and a proposed replacement absorption bed or trench location, if necessary, to meet the requirements of R317-4-4.6.
C. A detailed characterization of current hydrological and hydrogeological conditions at the proposed site, and characterization of hydrological and hydrogeological conditions predicted for the site after the proposed system is in operation. The report shall include the following information with all supporting information, field investigations and explorations, as applicable:
1. A description of the tributary area;
2. Predictions, and supporting information, of ground water transport from the proposed system and of expected areas of ground water mounding if the system is operated as proposed in the application, including those in the tributary area;
3. Predictions, and supporting information, of the impact of runoff on disposal of wastewater;
4. Information about the rate of runoff for a 100-year storm and the time of concentration for a given tributary area;
5. Water surface profile throughout the area;
6. Analysis, for nitrate, chloride, and coliform group bacteria, of samples from the closest groundwater downgradient from any existing absorption system.
D. A stability analysis if the request is for a variance from slope requirements. The analysis shall include information about the geology of the site and surrounding area, soil exploration and testing.
E. An operation, maintenance and troubleshooting plan to keep the installed system operating as described in the application.
F. A contingency plan describing how a system that cannot meet the requirements of R317-4-4.7.2 will be replaced.
G. A signed statement from the applicant acknowledging that he or she will, after a 30 day period for correction, be required to cease use and occupancy of buildings associated with an onsite wastewater system that fails to meet the standards in R317-4-4.7.2, and that use and occupancy will be allowed again only after standards are met.
H. A proposal to record on the deed for the subject property a notice describing the system and an environmental easement, under the Environmental Institutional Control Act (Utah Code Ann. Sections 19-10-101 through -108), mandating any pertinent maintenance requirements or limiting conditions.
I. Documentation provided by the local health authority that the adjoining land owners have been notified and provided opportunity for comment of the proposed variance.
5. No violation of standards
No facility constructed pursuant to a variance shall violate the standards in R317-4-4.7.2.
5.1. Soil Requirements.
A. In areas where onsite wastewater systems are to be constructed, soil cover must be adequate to insure at least 48 inches of suitable soil between bedrock formations or impervious strata and the bottom of the absorption system excavation. In cases where an approved fill is used, there shall be at least three feet of suitable soil from prevailing site grade to bedrock formations or impervious strata. For the purposes of this regulation, unsuitable soil or bedrock formations shall be deemed to be (1) soil or bedrock formations which are so slowly permeable that they prevent downward passage of effluent, or (2) soil or bedrock formations with open joints or solution channels which permit such rapid flow that effluent is not renovated. This includes coarse particles such as gravel, cobbles, or angular rock fragments with insufficient soil to fill the voids between the particles. Solid or fractured bedrock such as shale, sandstone, limestone, basalt, or granite are unacceptable for absorption systems. Where a mound system is used, there shall be at least two feet of suitable soil from prevailing site grade to formations which will permit such rapid flow that effluent will not be renovated.
B. A suitable soil for absorption systems shall meet the following criteria:
1. The distance between the maximum ground water table and the bottom of the absorption system excavation complies with the requirements of these rules.
2. Has the capacity to adequately disperse the designed effluent loading as determined by field percolation rates, or by other approved soil tests.
3. Does not exhibit inhibiting swelling or collapsing characteristics.
4. Does not visually exhibit a jointed or fractured pattern of an underlying bedrock.
5. Is not consolidated, cemented, indurated, or plugged by a buildup of secondary deposited calcium carbonate (caliche).
6. Acts as an effective effluent filter within its depth for the removal of pathogenic organisms.
7. Criteria for alternative onsite wastewater systems, as specified in R317-4-11 for earth fill systems, "at-grade" systems, and mound systems.
5.2. Ground Water Requirements.
A. In areas where absorption systems are to be constructed, the elevation of the anticipated maximum ground water table shall be at least 24 inches below the bottom of the absorption system excavation and at least 48 inches below finished grade. Local health departments and other local government entities may impose stricter separation requirements between absorption systems and the maximum ground water table when deemed necessary. Building lots recorded or having received final local health department approval prior to May 21,1984 shall be subject to the ground water table separation requirements of the then Part IV of the Code of Waste Disposal Regulations dated June 21, 1967. Unrecorded lots which are part of subdivisions that have received final local health department approval prior to May 21, 1984 are only exempt from the ground water table separation requirements of this regulation if the developer has and is proceeding with reasonable diligence. Notwithstanding this grandfather provision for recorded or other approved lots, the depth to ground water requirements are applicable if compelling or countervailing public health interests would necessitate application of the more stringent requirements of this regulation.
B. The maximum ground water table shall be determined by one or more of the following methods:
1. Direct visual observation of the maximum ground water table in a soil exploration pit.
2. Regular monitoring of the "ground water table" or "ground water table, perched" in an observation well for a period of one year, or for the period of maximum ground water table. Ground water monitoring shall be required where the anticipated maximum ground water table, including irrigation induced water table, might be expected to rise closer than 48 inches to the elevation of the bottom of the onsite wastewater system, or where alternative onsite wastewater systems may be considered.
3. Observation of soil in a soil exploration pit for evidence of crystals of salt left by the maximum ground water table; or chemically reduced iron in the soil, reflected by a mottled coloring.
C. If the highest elevation that the top of the ground water table or ground water table, perched, ever recorded, is expected to reach for any reason, including irrigation induced water table, over the full operating life of the conventional onsite wastewater system is within 24 inches of the bottom of the conventional onsite wastewater system the use of conventional onsite wastewater systems in the area of study will be prohibited.
D. Previous ground water records and climatological or other information may be consulted for each site proposed for an onsite wastewater system and may be used to adjust the observed maximum ground water table elevation in determining the anticipated maximum ground water table elevation. In cases where the anticipated maximum ground water table is expected to rise to closer than 34 inches from the original ground surface and an alternative or experimental onsite wastewater system would be considered, previous ground water records and climatological or other information shall be used to adjust the observed maximum ground water table in determining the anticipated maximum ground water table.
E. A curtain drain or other effective ground water interceptor may be required to be installed for an absorption system as a condition for its approval. The health authority may require that the effectiveness of such devices in lowering the ground water table be demonstrated during the season of maximum ground water table.
5.3. Soil Exploration Requirements.
A. Suitable soil exploration pits, of sufficient size to permit visual inspection, and to a minimum depth of ten feet, or at least 48 inches below the bottom of proposed onsite wastewater systems, shall be dug on each absorption system site to determine the ground water table and subsurface soil and bedrock conditions. One end of each pit should be sloped gently to permit easy entry if necessary. A log of the soil and bedrock formations encountered must be submitted describing the texture, structure, and depth of each soil type, the depth of the ground water table encountered, and indications of the maximum elevation of the ground water table. Soil logs should be prepared in accordance with the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Classification System by qualified individuals. After January 1, 2002, the soil exploration and evaluation must be done in accordance with certification requirements in R317-11.
B. Proper safety precautions shall be taken whenever soil exploration pits or other excavations are dug for onsite wastewater systems.
5.4. Percolation Test Requirements. After January 1, 2002, percolation tests must be done in accordance with certification requirements in R317-11. At least one stabilized percolation test for the design flow less than 2,000 gallons per day, or three tests if the design flow is more than 2,000 gallons per day, but less than 5,000 gallons per day, shall be performed on the site of each absorption system to determine minimum required absorption area. More tests may be required where soil structure varies, where limiting geologic conditions are encountered, where the proposed property improvements will require large disposal systems, or where the health authority deems it necessary. Percolation tests shall be conducted in accordance with the instructions in this section. Absorption systems are not permitted in areas where the soil percolation rate is slower than 60 minutes per inch or faster than one minute per inch.
A. When percolation tests are made, such tests shall be made at points and elevations selected as typical of the area in which the absorption system will be located. Consideration should be given to the finished grades of building sites so that test results will represent the percolation rate of the soil in which absorption systems will be constructed. After the suitability of any area to be used for onsite wastewater systems has been evaluated and approved for construction, no grade changes shall be made to this area unless the regulatory authority is notified and a reevaluation of the area's suitability is made prior to the initiation of construction.
B. Test results when required shall be considered an essential part of plans for absorption systems and shall be submitted on a signed "Percolation Test Certificate" or equivalent. Copies of the recommended Percolation Test Certificate form can be obtained from the Division of Water Quality. The test certificate must contain the following:
1. a signed statement certifying that the tests were conducted in accordance with this rule;
2. The name of the individual conducting the tests;
3. The location of the property
4. the depth and rate of each test in minutes per inch;
5. the date of the tests;
6. the logs of the soil exploration pits, including a statement of soil explorations to a depth of ten feet. In the event that absorption systems will be deeper than six feet, soil explorations must extend to a depth of at least four feet below the bottom of the proposed absorption system including, deep wall trench, seepage pit or absorption bed;
7. a statement of the present and anticipated maximum ground water table;
8. all other factors affecting percolation test results.
C. Percolation tests shall be conducted at the owner's expense by or under the supervision of a qualified person such as, a licensed environmental health scientist, or a registered civil, environmental or geotechnical engineer, certified by the regulatory authority, in accordance with the following:
1. Conditions Prohibited for Test Holes. Percolation tests shall not be conducted in test holes which extend into ground water, bedrock, or frozen ground. Where a fissured soil formation is encountered, tests shall be made under the direction of the regulatory authority.
2. Soil Exploration Pit Prerequisite to Percolation Tests. Since the appropriate percolation test depth depends on the soil conditions at a specific site, the percolation test should be conducted only after the soil exploration pit has been dug and examined for suitable and porous strata and ground water table information. Percolation test results should be related to the soil conditions found.
3. Number and Location of Percolation Tests. One or more tests shall be made in separate test holes on the proposed absorption system site to assure that the results are representative of the soil conditions present. Percolation tests conducted for deep wall trenches and seepage pits shall comply with R317-4-9. Where questionable or poor soil conditions exist, the number of percolation tests and soil explorations necessary to yield accurate, representative information shall be determined by the regulatory authority and may be accepted only if conducted with an authorized representative present.
4. Test Holes to Commence in Specially Prepared Excavations. All percolation test holes should commence in specially prepared larger excavations (preferably made with a backhoe) of sufficient size which extend to a depth approximately six inches above the strata to be tested.
5. Type, Depth, and Dimensions of Test Holes. Test holes shall be dug or bored, preferably with hand tools such as shovels or augers, etc., and shall have horizontal dimensions ranging from four to 18 inches (preferably eight to twelve inches). The vertical sides shall be at least twelve inches deep, terminating in the soil at an elevation six inches below the bottom of the proposed onsite wastewater system. In testing individual soil strata for deep wall trenches and seepage pits, the percolation test hole shall be located entirely within the strata to be tested, if possible.
6. Preparation of Percolation Test Hole. Carefully roughen or scratch the bottom and sides of the hole with a knife blade or other sharp pointed instrument, in order to remove any smeared soil surfaces and to provide an open, natural soil interface into which water may percolate. Remove all loose soil from the bottom of the hole. Add two to three inches of clean coarse sand gravel to protect the bottom from scouring or sealing with sediment when water is added. Caving or sloughing in some test holes can be prevented by placing in the test hole a wire cylinder or perforated pipe surrounded by clean coarse gravel.
7. Saturation and Swelling of the Soil. It is important to distinguish between saturation and swelling. Saturation means that the void spaces between soil particles are full of water. This can be accomplished in a relatively short period of time. Swelling is a soil volume increase caused by intrusion of water into the individual soil particles. This is a slow process, especially in clay-type soil, and is the reason for requiring a prolonged swelling period.
8. Placing Water in Test Holes. Water should be placed carefully into the test holes by means of a small-diameter siphon hose or other suitable method to prevent washing down the side of the hole.
9. Percolation Rate Measurement, General. Necessary equipment should consist of a tape measure (with at least 1/16-inch calibration) or float gauge and a time piece or other suitable equipment. All measurements shall be made from a fixed reference point near the top of the test hole to the surface of the water.
10. Test Procedure for Sandy or Granular Soils. For tests in sandy or granular soils containing little or no clay, the hole shall be carefully filled with clear water to a minimum depth of twelve inches over the gravel and the time for this amount of water to seep away shall be determined. The procedure shall be repeated and if the water from the second filling of the hole at least twelve inches above the gravel seeps away in ten minutes or less, the test may proceed immediately as follows:
a. Water shall be added to a point not more than six inches above the gravel.
b. Thereupon, from the fixed reference point, water levels shall be measured at ten minute intervals for a period of one hour.
c. If six inches of water seeps away in less than ten minutes a shorter time interval between measurements shall be used, but in no case shall the water depth exceed six inches.
d. The final water level drop shall be used to calculate the percolation rate.
11. Test Procedure for Other Soils Not Meeting the Above Requirements. The hole shall be carefully filled with clear water and a minimum depth of twelve inches shall be maintained above the gravel for at least a four hour period by refilling whenever necessary. Water remaining in the hole after four hours shall not be removed. Immediately following the saturation period, the soil shall be allowed to swell not less than 16 hours or more than 30 hours. Immediately following the soil swelling period, the percolation rate measurements shall be made as follows:
a. Any soil which has sloughed into the hole shall be removed and water shall be adjusted to six inches over the gravel.
b. Thereupon, from the fixed reference point, the water level shall be measured and recorded at approximately 30 minute intervals for a period of four hours unless two successive water level drops do not vary more than 1/16 of an inch and indicate that an approximate stabilized rate has been obtained.
c. The hole shall be filled with clear water to a point not more than six inches above the gravel whenever it becomes nearly empty.
d. Adjustments of the water level shall not be made during the last 3 measurement periods except to the limits of the last water level drop.
e. When the first six inches of water seeps away in less than 30 minutes, the time interval between measurements shall be ten minutes, and the test run for one hour.
f. The water depth shall not exceed six inches at any time during the measurement period.
g. The drop that occurs during the final measurement period shall be used in calculating the percolation rate.
12. Calculation of Percolation Rate. The percolation rate is equal to the time elapsed in minutes for the water column to drop, divided by the distance the water dropped in inches and fractions thereof.
13. Using Percolation Rate to Determine Absorption Area. The minimum or slowest percolation rate shall be used in calculating the required absorption area.
6.1. General Requirements. Pipe, pipe fittings, and similar materials comprising building sewers shall comply with the following:
A. They shall be composed of plastic, or other suitable material approved by the Division, and shall conform to the applicable standards as outlined in Tables in this section.
B. The following is a list of solid-wall pipe that has been approved for building sewers.
C. The pipe is listed by material and applicable standard. The Division may recognize other applicable standards.
TABLE 4
MATERIALS MINIMUM STANDARDS
A. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene
Styrene (ABS) (d) ASTM D-2680
Schedule 40 ASTM D-2751 (c)
(pressure)
B. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
PVC-DWV Schedule 40 ASTM D-2665
PVC - Sewer ASTM D-3033
ASTM D-3034 (pressure)
ASTM F-789
D. The following is a list of solid-wall perforated pipe, approved as distribution pipe in absorption systems. Solid-wall pipe must be perforated in accordance with R317-4-6, and all burrs must be removed from the inside of the pipe. The pipe is listed by material and applicable standard. The Division may recognize other applicable standards.
TABLE 5
MATERIALS MINIMUM STANDARDS
A. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene
Styrene (ABS) ASTM D-2661
Schedule 40 ASTM D-2751
B. Polyethylene, Smooth
Wall (PE) ASTM D-1248
ASTM D-3350
C. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) (e) ASTM D-2729
Schedule 40 ASTM D-2665 (pressure)
ASTM D-3033
ASTM D-3034 (pressure)
FOOTNOTES
(a) Each length of building sewer and absorption system
pipe shall be stamped or marked as required by the International
Plumbing Code.
(b) Building sewers include (1) the pipe installed between
the building and the septic tank and (2) between the septic tank
and the distribution box (or absorption system). The
installation of building sewers shall comply with the
International Plumbing Code.
(c) American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race
Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.
(d) For domestic sewage only, free from industrial wastes.
(e) Although perforated PVC, ASTM D-2729 is approved for
absorption system application, the solid-wall version of this
pipe is not approved for building sewer application.
E. Where two different sizes or types of sewer pipes are connected, a proper type of fitting or conversion adapter shall be used.
F. They shall have a minimum inside diameter of four inches. They shall have watertight, root-proof joints and shall not receive any ground water or surface runoff. They shall be laid in straight alignment and on a firm foundation of undisturbed earth or acceptably stabilized earth that is not subject to settling.
G. Building sewers shall be laid on a uniform minimum slope of not less than 1/4-inch per foot (2.08 percent slope). When it is impractical, due to structural features or the arrangement of any building, to obtain a slope of 1/4-inch per foot, a building sewer of four inches in diameter or larger may have a slope of not less than 1/8-inch per foot (1.04 percent slope) when approved by the regulatory authority.
H. The lines shall have cleanouts every 100 feet and at all changes in direction or grade, except where manholes are installed every 400 feet and at every change in direction or grade. On four-inch and six-inch lines, two 45 degree bends with cleanout will be acceptable in lieu of a manhole, and 90 degree ells are not recommended.
I. Building sewers shall be separated from water service pipes in separate trenches and by at least ten feet horizontally except that they may be placed in the same trench when the following three conditions are met:
1. The bottom of the water service pipe, at all points, shall be at least 18 inches above the top of the building sewer.
2. The water service pipe shall be placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the common trench.
3. The number of joints in the service pipe shall be kept to a minimum, and the materials and joints of both the sewer and water service pipe shall be of a strength and durability to prevent leakage under adverse conditions.
J. If the water service pipe must cross the building sewer, it shall be at least 18 inches above the latter within ten feet of the crossing. Joints in water service pipes should be located at least ten feet from such crossings.
6.2. Ejector Pumps, Effluent Lift Pumps, and Pump Wells.
A. Ejector pumps discharging into septic tanks shall comply with the International Plumbing Code.
B. When septic tank effluent lift pumps and pump wells are part of an onsite wastewater disposal system, they shall comply with the following:
1. Pumps shall be so placed as to be self-priming, and should operate under positive suction head at all times. A quick disconnect for pumps, such as a union, should be provided between the pump and the line leading to the absorption system. Pumps shall be adequately housed to protect the pump motors from bad weather and protection shall be given to prevent freezing in any portion of the unit. Except for single-family dwellings, pumps shall be installed in duplicate with either pump having adequate capacity to handle maximum flow.
2. Minimum capacity shall be 10 gallons per minute at the necessary discharge head. Pumps shall be capable of passing a 3/4-inch solid sphere and shall have a minimum 2-inch discharge. Suitable shutoff valves shall be placed on suction and discharge lines of each pump and a check valve shall be placed on each discharge line between the shutoff valve and the pump.
3. The pressure line shall be constructed of piping material of a bursting pressure of at least 100 psi and shall be of approved corrosion-resistant material. The pressure line shall be bedded in 3 inches of sand or pea gravel. Pumps may be oil filled submersible pumps or vertically-mounted column pumps. Impellers shall be of cast iron, bronze or other corrosion-resistant material. Level control shall be by a float switch or by other acceptable methods. The pump well shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant material of sufficient strength to withstand the soil pressures related to the depth of the sump, and shall be adequately protected against surface flooding. Capacity of the pump well shall not be less than 50 gallons, and shall be sized to provide between 3 and six pumping cycles per day. Pump wells shall have adequate ventilation and shall be provided with a maintenance access manhole at the ground surface or above and of at least 24-inch diameter with a durable locking-type cover.
4. Power supply should be available from at least 2 independent generating sources, or emergency power equipment should be provided. Where power failure may result in objectionable conditions or unauthorized waste discharge, means for emergency operation shall be provided.
5. Electrical systems and components (i.e. motors, lights, cables, conduits, switch boxes, control circuits, etc.) in sewage pump wells, or in enclosed or partially enclosed spaces where hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors may be present, shall comply with the National Electrical Code requirements for Class I, Group D, Division I locations. In addition, equipment located in the pump well shall be suitable for use under corrosive conditions. Each flexible cable shall be provided with a watertight seal and separate strain relief. A fused disconnect switch located above ground shall be provided in all pumping stations.
7.1. General Requirements.
A. Septic tanks shall be constructed of sound, durable, watertight materials that are not subject to excessive corrosion, frost damage, or decay. They shall be designed to be watertight, and to withstand all expected physical forces, to provide settling of solids, accumulation of sludge and scum, and be accessible for inspection and cleaning as specified in the following paragraphs:
B. Illustrations of typical absorption system components such as septic tanks, distribution boxes, and absorption systems are contained in an addendum to these rules, available through the Division of Water Quality.
7.2. Overall Construction and Design Features.
A. Septic tanks may be constructed of the following:
1. Precast reinforced concrete
2. Fiberglass
3. Polyethylene
4. Poured-in-place concrete
5. Material approved by the Division
B. Septic tanks may have single or multiple compartments and may be oval, circular, rectangular, or square in plan, provided the distance between the inlet and outlet of the tank is at least equal to the liquid depth of the tank. In general, the tank length should be at least two to three times the tank width.
C. All septic tanks may have an effluent filter installed at the outlet of the tank. The filter shall prevent the passage of solid particles larger than a nominal 1/8 inch diameter sphere. The filter should be easily removed for routine servicing through watertight access from the ground surface, or be bypassed with a piping arrangement.
7.3. Plans for Tanks Required.
A. Plans for all septic tanks shall be submitted to the regulatory authority for approval. Such plans shall show all dimensions, capacities, reinforcing, and such other pertinent data as may be required. All septic tanks shall conform to the design drawings and all building shall be done under strict controlled supervision by the manufacturer.
B. Commercial septic tank manufacturers shall submit design plans for each tank model manufactured to the Division for review and approval. The manufacturer shall certify in writing to the Division that the septic tanks to be distributed for use in the State of Utah will comply with this regulation. It is recommended that such plans also be evaluated by a registered engineer as to surcharge, impact load, and deadload. Any changes in the design of commercially manufactured septic tanks shall be submitted to the Division for approval.
7.4. Tank Capacity for Single-Family Dwellings. The minimum liquid capacity of septic tanks serving single-family dwellings shall be based on the number of bedrooms in each dwelling, in accordance with Table 6.
TABLE 6
Minimum Capacities for Septic Tanks(a)
Number of Bedrooms(b) Minimum Liquid
Capacity(c)(d)
(Gallons)
2 or 3 1000
4 1250
For each additional
bedroom, add 250
FOOTNOTES
(a) Tanks larger than the minimum required capacity are
generally more economical since they do not have to be cleaned
as often.
(b) Based on the number of bedrooms in use or that can be
reasonably anticipated in the dwelling served, including the
unfinished space available for conversion as additional bedrooms.
Unfinished basements shall be counted as a minimum of one
additional bedroom.
(c) The liquid capacity is calculated on the depth from
the invert of the outlet pipe to the inside bottom of the tank.
A variance of three percent in the required volume may be allowed.
(d) Table 6 provides for the normal household appliances,
including automatic sequence washers, mechanical garbage
grinders, and dishwashers.
7.5. Tank Capacity for Commercial, Institutional, and Recreational Facilities, and Multiple Dwellings.
A. The minimum liquid capacity of septic tanks serving commercial, institutional, and recreational facilities, and multiple dwellings shall be determined on the following basis:
1. For wastewater flows up to 500 gallons per day, the liquid capacity of the tank shall be at least 1,000 gallons.
2. For wastewater flows between 500 and 1,500 gallons per day, the liquid capacity of the tank shall be at least 1.5 times the 24-hour estimated sewage flow (see Table 3).
3. For wastewater flows between 1,500 and 5,000 gallons per day, the liquid capacity of the tank shall equal at least 1,125 gallons plus 75 percent of the daily wastewater flow (V = 1,125 + 0.75Q where V = liquid volume of the tank in gallons, and Q = wastewater discharge in gallons per day).
B. In cases where dwellings or facilities are subject to high peak sewage flows, the liquid capacity of the onsite wastewater system shall be increased as required by the regulatory authority.
7.6. Precast Reinforced Concrete Septic Tanks.
A. The walls and base of precast tanks shall be securely bonded together and the walls shall be of monolithic or keyed construction. The sidewalls and bottom of such tanks shall be at least 3 inches in thickness. The top shall have a minimum thickness of four inches. Such tanks shall have reinforcing of at least six inch x six inch No. 6, welded wire fabric, or equivalent. Exceptions to this reinforcing requirement may be considered by the Division based on an evaluation of acceptable structural engineering data submitted by the manufacturer. All concrete used in precast tanks shall be Class A, at least 4,000 pounds per square inch, and shall be vibrated or well-rodded to minimize honeycombing and to assure reasonable watertightness. Precast sections shall be set evenly in a full bed of sealant. If grout is used it shall consist of two parts plaster sand to one part cement with sufficient water added to make the grout flow under its own weight. Excessively mortared joints should be trimmed flush. The inside and outside of each mortar joint shall be sealed with a waterproof bituminous sealing compound.
B. For the purpose of early reuse of forms, the concrete may be steam cured. Other curing by means of water spraying or a membrane curing compound may be used and shall comply to best acceptable methods as outlined in "Curing Concrete, ACI308-71," by American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, Michigan 84219.
7.7. Fiberglass Septic Tanks.
A. Fiberglass septic tanks shall comply with the criteria for acceptance established in the "Interim Guide Criteria For Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Septic Tanks", International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 5032 Alhambra Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90032. The identifying seal of the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials must be permanently embossed in the fiberglass as evidence of compliance. The design requirements in R317-4-7 shall also be met. Other required identity marks must also comply with this rule.
B. Inlet and outlet tees shall be attached to the tank by a rubber or synthetic rubber ring seal and compression plate, or in some other manner approved by the Division.
C. The tank shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. If no such recommendations are provided, the following installation procedures shall apply:
1. During installation, careful handling of the tank is necessary to prevent damage. Tanks shall not be installed under areas subject to vehicular traffic or heavy equipment.
2. There shall be a minimum of twelve inches of approved, compacted backfill material under the tank as a resting bed. The resting bed must be smooth and level.
3. The hole that the tank is to be installed in shall be large enough to allow a minimum of twelve inches from the ends and sides of the tank to the hole wall.
4. Approved backfill material shall be a naturally-rounded aggregate, clean and free flowing, with a particle size of 3/8-inch or less in diameter. Crushed stone or gravel of the same particle size may be used if naturally-rounded aggregate is not available, but should be washed and free flowing.
5. Backfilling shall be accomplished to the top of the tank in twelve -inch lifts with each layer being well compacted. Sharp tools should not be used near the septic tank. With the manhole cover(s) in place, water should be added to the tank during backfilling. The water level in the tank should coincide approximately with the backfill depth. With the tank full of water, the excavation should be brought to grade with the same approved backfill materials. Depth of backfill over the top of the tank shall not exceed 2-1/2 feet.
7.8. Polyethylene Septic Tanks.
A. Polyethylene septic tanks shall comply with the criteria for acceptance established in "Prefabricated Septic Tanks and Sewage Holding Tanks, Can3-B66-M79" by the Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada M9W1R3. Required identifying marks shall comply with this rule.
B. Inlet and outlet tees shall be attached to the tank by a rubber or synthetic rubber ring seal and compression plate, or in some other manner approved by the Division.
C. The tank shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. If no such recommendations are provided, the installation procedures in R317-4-7 shall apply.
7.9. Poured-In-Place Concrete Septic Tanks. The top of poured-in-place septic tanks with a liquid capacity of 1,000 to 1,250 gallons shall be a minimum of four inches thick, and reinforced with one 3/8-inch reinforcing rod per foot of length, or equivalent. The top of tanks with a liquid capacity of greater than 1,250 gallons up to the maximum design capacity shall be a minimum of six inches thick, and reinforced with 3/8-inch reinforcing rods eight inches on centers both ways, or equivalent. The walls and floor